Briefs and reports of the Green Finance & Development Center are longer analyses of relevant topics in green finance, green Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), biodiversity finance, green innovation finance, and ESG.
*updated on April 26, 2022 to correct an error of overstating China’s debt suspension in 2020. Key findings The debt burden of the world’s low-income countries rose 12% to a record US$860 billion in 2020;About 60% of low-income countries are at high risk or already in debt distress, up from…
Key findings Download pdf BRI finance and investments stabilized in 2021 at US$ 59.5 billion (compared to US$ 60.5 billion in 2020);No coal projects received financing or investments in 2021;Green energy finance and investments in the BRI slightly increased to a new high in 2021 at US$6.3 billion (compared to US$ 6.2 billion in…
Download pdf In September 2021, a new project finance handbook was launched with funding by the British Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). The handbook was developed over several months with the goal to understand the gap and bridge the gap between Chinese style and international project financing approaches. The…
Key findings Download the pdf BRI finance and investments continued to drop in the first half of 2021 to US$19.3 billion (compared to US$27.5 billion in the first half of 2020);No coal projects received financing or investments in the first half of 2021;Green energy finance and investments in H1 2021 dropped by 90%…
The emissions trading system (ETSs) is currently one of the market-oriented tools adopted globally to control greenhouse gas emissions. On the basis of the construction of the regional ETS, harmonization is an important direction for future development in order to make the system more effective. Against the backdrop of the…
Highlights Download pdf Between 2014 and 2020, about USD160 billion of Chinese-backed coal-fired power plants were being planned or announced outside of China;More than USD65 billion of Chinese-backed coal-fired power plants have been either shelved, mothballed or cancelled since 2014, with more projects seeing delays in construction;In 2019 and 2020,…
Highlights Download pdf The outbreak of COVID-19 has accelerated many debt issues in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries. In our previous brief on the debt issue in 52 selected BRI countries, we analyzed both the reasons for the pressing debt sustainability issues and the countries that are particularly vulnerable…
Executive Summary Download the report here China is a major lender for countries of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, many of these countries have seen their sovereign debt become unsustainable. Based on the analysis of debt in 52 Selected BRI countries from 2014 to…
On September 21, 2020, the aerospace giant Airbus announced concept designs for “ZEROe”, a zero-emission, hydrogen-powered airplane that would enter service by 2035. While it might be difficult to imagine traveling on a hydrogen-powered plane, hydrogen as a fuel is not new: liquid hydrogen has served as a rocket propellant…
The first six months of 2020 BRI investments show highest share of renewable energy investment, amid a 50% decline in total BRI investments Overall BRI investment trends Download the full report here New data released by the American Enterprise Institute show that most countries of the Belt and Road Initiative…